Adams, Abigail 嘎吱嘎吱的声音,伊丽莎白 诺顿,我是伊丽莎白·克兰奇
阿比盖尔·亚当斯致伊丽莎白·克兰奇
London 1786年7月18日

我亲爱的外甥女,感谢你最后一封亲切的来信. There are no days in the whole year so agreable to me nor any amusements this Country can boast so gratifying to my Heart and mind as those days which bring me Letters from my Dear Friends. In them I always find the law of kindness written, and they solace my mind in the seperation.

Could I, you ask, 回到我的(Rustick)小屋, 我怀着同样的快乐和满足来欣赏它? 我回答说,我想我可以, provided I have the same kind Friends and dear Relatives to enhance its value to me. It is not the superb and magnificient House nor the rich and Costly furniture that can ensure either pleasure or happiness to the possessor. A 方便的住所,适合居住者的住所, 无疑是可取的, 对那些负担得起的人来说, Parks, Gardens, 或者在这个国家叫做装饰农场, 在我看来,这是一个天真而令人向往的对象. 他们是美丽的眼睛, 称心如意, 提高想象力, 但正如波普观察到的那样,

“唯有使用,才能使体验神圣化, 光辉从理智中借用了她所有的光芒.”1 257

I have lately visited several of the celebrated Seats within 20 Miles of this City, Sion place, Tilney House, and park, osterley, 和痛苦山.2 最后一个地方离伦敦大约12英里远. 我必须用诗人的话向你描述它.

“在这里,财富在大自然的骄傲中占有一席之地 有品味和美女在她身边 拿着丰盛的号角 派遣劳工去追求辛劳 艺术改良幸福的土壤 还有美丽的装饰.”

My dear Neice will feel loth to believe that the owner of this Beautifull spot, (她可以在我寄给她的书中找到这方面的具体情况,) neither lives here or scarcly looks upon it; once a Year. The former proprieter enjoyd it as the work of his own hands: 38 years ago he planted out all the Trees which are now one of its chief, 主要装饰物. 但大约三年前染发的时候,把它留给了一个没有品味的继承人. 我送给你的那本书是一位叫怀特利的先生写的, 他科学地研究了园艺这门学科.3 I should have overlookd many of the ornaments and Beauties of the places I have seen if I had not first perused this writer. 我想阿普索普先生会很乐意读这本书的, and I wish you may derive as much entertainment from the perusal of it as it afforded me.

I dare say your imagination will present you with many places in Braintree capable of makeing with much less expence than is expended here, 装饰农场. 已故的昆西上校,昆西叔叔,日耳曼敦,4 all of them, 大自然更加自由, than most of the places here: which have cost the labour of successive Generations, 他们中的许多人都有50万美元. 改良农业是我国的一门科学, and many times ornament and Beauty may be happily made subservient to utility, 然后再次引用教皇的话,

“有比花钱更需要的东西 还有比味觉更重要的东西——感官.”5

当你读过沃特利时, 读教皇给伯灵顿伯爵的第四篇随笔, 我想你会在它里面看到以前没有注意到的美.

You might suspect me of partiality if I was to say that nature shews herself in a stile of greater magnificence and sublimity in America than in any part of Europe which I have yet seen. Every 258thing is upon a Grandeur scale, our Summers heats and Winters colds, form a contrast of great Beauty. 从暂时死亡中产生的自然, and bursting into Life with a sudden vegatation yealding a delicious fragrance and verdure which exhilirates the spirits and exalts the imagination, much more than the gradual and slow advance of Spring in the more temperate climates, 整个夏天都没有足够的热量使水果变甜, 这件事也是如此, climate. Even our Storms and tempests our thunder and lightning, are horibly Grand. 在这里,似乎没有什么能超越平庸的界限. 只有人类是凶猛的.

回到你的信上来, you have found that you was too early in your conjectures respecting your cousins marriage. 她会亲自给你写信的, 告诉你,她已经开始做管家了, 在她结婚后不久. 这会大大增加她的幸福, 我自己判断她, 如果她能经常在她的官邸欢迎她的美国朋友的话. Persons in the early stages of Life may form Friendships; but age grows more Wary, more circumspect and a commerce with the World does not increase ones estimation of its inhabitants. There is no durable basis, for friendship, but Virtue, disinterestedness, Benevolence and Frankness.

This is the Season of the Year in which London is a desert, even fashion languishes. 不过,我随信附上一幅《利记手机官网》.6 当一个对象被嘲笑时,它通常被夸大了. The print however does not greatly exceed some of the most fashionable Dames.

祈祷是快乐的方式 thoughts, Bustles and protuberances 战胜你. I really think the English more ridiculous than the French in this respect. They import their fashions from them; but in order to give them the mode Anglois, 他们剥夺了他们的品味和优雅. Our fair Country women would do well to establish fashions of their own; let Modesty be the first, ingredient, 整洁第二,经济第三. Then they cannot fail of being Lovely without the aid of olympian dew, or Parissian Rouge.

We have sent your cousins Some Books, amongst which is Rosseau upon Botanny,7 如果你向他们借的话, 它会给你带来乐趣, 还有你现在所喜爱的花的世界, 会向你展示一个令人愉悦的知识世界吗. 在空中也有普里斯特博士,在化学上也有华生主教8 all of which are well worth the perusal of minds eager for knowledge and scientifik 就像我的伊丽莎和露西. If they are not the amusements which females in general are fond of: it is because triffels are held up to them in a 259more important light, and no pains taken to initiate them in more rational amusements. Your Pappa who is blesst with a most happy talant of communicating knowledge will find a pleasure in assisting you to comprehend whatever you may wish explaind. A course of experiments would do more, but from thise our sex are almost wholy excluded.

请代我亲切地向你的兄弟和我所有的邻居问好. Inclosed is a Book upon Church Musick which be so good as to present to Mr Wibird with my compliments. It was publishd here in concequence of an application of Dr Chancys Church for an organ, 布兰德·霍利斯先生.9

再见了,我亲爱的侄女,请相信我 A Adams

RC (MSaE: Abigail Adams Letters); notation in the upper left corner of the first page: “Letter from Mrs. 亚当斯先生7月18日致伊莉兹·克兰奇小姐. 1786 (No: 10.).一些文字的丢失是由于折页磨损造成的.

1.

Moral Essays书信四,179-180行.

2.

“蒂尔尼之家”就是旺斯特德之家, Essex, 由建筑师科伦·坎贝尔(Colen Campbell)设计的帕拉第亚风格的豪宅,始建于2000年. 1715年至1720年,理查德·查尔德,第一代泰尔尼伯爵(1680-1750). 泰尼的地产是由 詹姆斯·朗爵士(后来的泰尼·朗)(1737年?–1794)1784年,第7任准男爵(霍华德·E. Stutchbury, 科伦·坎贝尔的建筑,剑桥,1967,页. 27–30; Namier和Brooke, 下议院 , 3:52–53, 570–571).

3.

托马斯·惠特利. 1728–1772), best known to Americans in the late 1760s and early 1770s as an architect of George Grenville's American policy, 到18世纪80年代,他的 现代园艺观察,以描述说明 (1770年伦敦版,随后再版). Jefferson highly praised this work and carried it with him when he made his tour of English gardens with JA 四月初(Namier和Brooke, 下议院 , 3:627–628; DNB ; Jefferson, Papers , 9:369–375; JA to AA, 5 April, above). JA副本(第4版)., 1777) is at MB ( Catalogue of JA's Library ). The quotation AA cites above, 这是未知的, appears on the title page of Whately's book; his discussion of Painshill appears on p. 184–194.

4.

已故上校的家. Josiah Quincy in the northern part of Braintree (whose 1770 house still stands); that of Norton Quincy on Mt. Wollaston; and probably that of Gen. 约瑟夫·帕尔默在日耳曼敦报道.

5.

Moral Essays使徒书信四,41-42行.

6.

为知音,一讽刺版画,见之 插图描述表,编号. 7, above.

7.

让·雅克·卢梭, 《利记手机官网》,写给一位女士. 翻译成英文, with Notes, 和二十四封信, 充分解释林奈的体系, 托马斯·马丁1785年,伦敦.

8.

JA's books at MB 包括约瑟夫·普里斯特利, 不同种类空气的实验与观测, 3 vols.1775年至1779年,以及理查德·沃森的 化学论文 ( Catalogue of JA's Library ). 1781年版的普里斯特利,共六卷,有 JQA他的书板,是在 MQA.

9.

James Peirce, A Tractate on Church Music; Being an Extract from the Reverend and Learned Mr. 皮尔斯为持不同政见者辩护, London, 1786. Thomas Brand Hollis refused requests by the First Church in Boston to provide funds for the purchase of an organ and instead arranged for the publication of this tract, dedicated to the ministers and members of the “First Congregational Dissenting Church in Boston in America,” that argued against including instrumental music in church services (Arthur B. Ellis, 波士顿第一教会的历史,1630-1880,波士顿,1881年,页. 216–217).

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